Structural MovesDocumentation Index
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Definition
AI system shipped without bias audit, deployed to a population that includes protected classes, and produces measurably different outcomes for similarly-situated individuals.Distinct from
- GER-342 — Bias from absent pre-deployment audit → this code. Alignment over-correction creating new bias → GER-342.
Anchor incidents (56)
NY City School Teacher Evaluation Algorithm Contested
primary — AIID #9 · 2012-02-25
Images of Black People Labeled as Gorillas
primary — AIID #16 · 2015-06-03
Amazon's Experimental Hiring Tool Allegedly Displayed Gender Bias in Candidate Rankings
primary — AIID #37 · 2016-08-10
COMPAS Algorithm Reportedly Performs Poorly in Crime Recidivism Prediction
primary — AIID #40 · 2016-05-23
Predictive Policing Biases of PredPol
primary — AIID #54 · 2015-11-18
Apple Card's Credit Assessment Algorithm Allegedly Discriminated against Women
primary — AIID #92 · 2019-11-11
HUD charges Facebook with enabling housing discrimination
primary — AIID #93 · 2018-08-13
Houston Schools Must Face Teacher Evaluation Lawsuit
primary — AIID #96 · 2017-05-08
Skating Rink’s Facial Recognition Cameras Misidentified Black Teenager as Banned Troublemaker
primary — AIID #108 · 2021-07-10
Police Departments Reported ShotSpotter as Unreliable and Wasteful
primary — AIID #112 · 2012-10-09
Optum Algorithmic Health Risk Scores Reportedly Underestimated Black Patients' Needs
primary — AIID #124 · 2019-10-24
Justice Department’s Recidivism Risk Algorithm PATTERN Allegedly Caused Persistent Disparities Along Racial Lines
primary — AIID #154 · 2022-01-26
Predictive Policing Program by Florida Sheriff’s Office Allegedly Violated Residents’ Rights and Targeted Children of Vulnerable Groups
primary — AIID #195 · 2015-09-01
WeChat’s Machine Translation Gave a Racist English Translation for the Chinese Term for “Black Foreigner”
primary — AIID #216 · 2017-10-10
Algorithmic Teacher Evaluation Program Failed Student Outcome Goals and Allegedly Caused Harm Against Teachers
primary — AIID #239 · 2009-09-01
Unreliable ShotSpotter Audio Previously Used to Convict Chicago Man in Murder Case
primary — AIID #255 · 2020-05-31
DUI Arrest Case Allegedly Based Only on ShotSpotter's Alert
primary — AIID #256 · 2021-11-07
Police Reportedly Deployed ShotSpotter Sensors Disproportionately in Neighborhoods of Color
primary — AIID #257 · 2012-05-04
Virginia Courts’ Algorithmic Recidivism Risk Assessment Failed to Lower Incarceration Rates
primary — AIID #274 · 2003-07-01
Unreliable ShotSpotter Audio Convicted Black Rochester Man of Shooting Police
primary — AIID #429 · 2016-04-01
ShotSpotter Failed to Alert Authorities of Mass Shooting in North Carolina
primary — AIID #446 · 2023-01-01
Workday's AI Tools Allegedly Enabled Employers to Discriminate against Applicants of Protected Groups
primary — AIID #489 · 2019-06-03
Facial Recognition Error Reportedly Leads to Wrongful Arrest of Georgia Man and $200K Settlement in Louisiana
primary — AIID #515 · 2022-11-25
Miami Police Deployed Facial Recognition to Arrest George Floyd Protestor Allegedly without Cause
primary — AIID #557 · 2020-06-24
Facial Recognition Misidentifies Pregnant Woman Leading to False Arrest in Detroit
primary — AIID #592 · 2023-02-16
Navy Federal Credit Union Faces Allegations of Racial Bias in Mortgage Approvals
primary — AIID #618 · 2023-12-14
Rite Aid Facial Recognition Disproportionately Misidentified Minority Shoppers as Shoplifters
primary — AIID #619 · 2023-12-20
Alleged Macy's Facial Recognition Error Leads to Wrongful Arrest and Subsequent Sexual Assault in Jail
primary — AIID #630 · 2022-01-22
Gunshot Detection Technology ShotSpotter (now SoundThinking) Reportedly Only Has 47% Accuracy in Chicago System
primary — AIID #637 · 2024-01-31
Facial Recognition Misidentification at New World Westend in New Zealand
primary — AIID #665 · 2024-04-02
London Metropolitan Police's Facial Recognition Technology Reportedly Misidentified Shaun Thompson as Suspect Leading to Arrest
primary — AIID #692 · 2024-02-01
Police Use of Facial Recognition Software Causes Wrongful Arrests Without Defendant Knowledge
primary — AIID #815 · 2024-10-06
Cross-Jurisdictional Facial Recognition Misidentification by NYPD Leads to Wrongful Arrest and Four-Year Jail Time in New Jersey
primary — AIID #816 · 2019-11-29
Facial Recognition System in Buenos Aires Triggers Police Checks Based on False Matches
primary — AIID #829 · 2024-02-05
Alleged Misuse of Facial Recognition Technology by Law Enforcement Reportedly Leading to Wrongful Arrests and Violations of Investigative Standards
primary — AIID #896 · 2025-01-13
NYPD Facial Recognition System Allegedly Produced Erroneous Match That Reportedly Resulted in Wrongful Detention of Trevis Williams
primary — AIID #1191 · 2025-04-21
Peppermill Casino Facial Recognition System Reportedly Misidentified Individual, Leading to Wrongful Arrest in Reno
primary — AIID #1311 · 2023-09-17
ICE AI Resume Screening Error Allegedly Routed Inexperienced Recruits Into Inadequate Training Pathways
primary — AIID #1343 · 2026-01-14
ICE Facial Recognition App Mobile Fortify Reportedly Misidentified Woman Twice During Immigration Enforcement in Oregon
primary — AIID #1353 · 2025-10-15
Purported Facial Recognition Error Reportedly Led to Arrest and Monthslong Jailing of Tennessee Woman in North Dakota Fraud Case
primary — AIID #1416 · 2025-07-14
Maryland Police Allegedly Relied on Facial Recognition Lead in Wrongful Arrest and Detention of Kimberlee Williams
primary — AIID #1476 · 2021-06-23
Gender Biases of Google Image Search
secondary — AIID #18 · 2015-04-04
Gender Biases in Google Translate
secondary — AIID #59 · 2017-04-13
Researchers find evidence of racial, gender, and socioeconomic bias in chest X-ray classifiers
secondary — AIID #81 · 2020-10-21
How French welfare services are creating ‘robo-debt’
secondary — AIID #100 · 2021-03-17
Twitter’s Image Cropping Tool Allegedly Showed Gender and Racial Bias
secondary — AIID #103 · 2020-09-18
Chinese Tech Firms Allegedly Developed Facial Recognition to Identify People by Race, Targeting Uyghur Muslims
secondary — AIID #107 · 2018-07-20
Amazon Flex Drivers Allegedly Fired via Automated Employee Evaluations
secondary — AIID #111 · 2015-09-25
Genderify’s AI to Predict a Person’s Gender Revealed by Free API Users to Exhibit Bias
secondary — AIID #115 · 2020-07-28
DALL-E 2 Reported for Gender and Racially Biased Outputs
secondary — AIID #179 · 2022-04-01
Chinese Insurer Ping An Employed Facial Recognition to Determine Customers’ Untrustworthiness, Which Critics Alleged to Likely Make Errors and Discriminate
secondary — AIID #235 · 2016-04-15
DALL-E Mini Reportedly Reinforced or Exacerbated Societal Biases in Its Outputs as Gender and Racial Stereotypes
secondary — AIID #262 · 2022-06-11
Chinese Province Developed System Tracking Journalists and International Students
secondary — AIID #438 · 2021-09-17
Alleged Gender Discrimination in Facebook Job Ads Algorithm
secondary — AIID #580 · 2023-06-12
AI-Powered Chinese Surveillance Campaign 'Peer Review' Used for Real-Time Monitoring of Anti-State Speech on Western Social Media
secondary — AIID #939 · 2025-02-21
Nigeria-Based YouTube Network Allegedly Uses AI Voiceovers and Anchors to Amplify Pro-Kremlin Narratives
secondary — AIID #1195 · 2025-09-01